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Caused by bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis CAUSES Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but TB bacteria can attack any part of the body such as the kidney, spine, and brain. Not everyone infected with TB becomes sick. Some people develop TB disease soon after becoming infected (within weeks) before their immune system can fight the TB germs. Other people have latent TB infection and may get sick years later, when their immune system becomes weak for another reason. Treating latent TB infection is effective in preventing TB disease. SYMPTOMS General symptoms may include feeling weak or sick, weight loss, fever, and/or night sweats. Symptoms of TB of the lungs may include cough, chest pain, and/or coughing up blood. TB can also affect other parts of the body, such as the brain, kidneys, or spine. Other symptoms depend on the part of the body that is affected. TB disease in the lungs may cause symptoms such as: Cough that lasts three weeks or longer Pain in the chest Coughing up blood or sputum (phlegm from deep inside the lungs) Other symptoms of TB disease are weakness or fatigue, weight loss, no appetite, chills, fever, and sweating at night. People who have latent TB infection do not feel sick, do not have any symptoms, and cannot spread TB to others. TRANSMISSION Tuberculosis is a disease that is spread from person to person through the air. TB usually affects the lungs. The germs are put into the air when a person with TB of the lung coughs, sneezes, laughs, or sings. A person who breathes in the bacteria can become infected. Anyone can get TB but some people are at higher risk. Those at higher risk include: People who share the same breathing space (such as family member, friends, co-workers) with someone who has active TB disease. Travelers to countries where TB is common People who live in high-risk settings, such as nursing homes, homeless shelters, or correctional facilities. People with medical conditions that weaken the immune system, such as diabetes, certain types of cancers, being underweight, substance use through injections, treatment for rheumatoid arthritis or treatments such as corticosteroids. Children, especially thos under age 5. TESTING There are two types of tests for TB infection, a blood test, and a skin test. Blood tests are more accurate, especially for those that have received the TB vaccine. You should get tested for TB if: You have spent time with a person known or though to have infectious TB disease. You frequently travel to countries where TB disease is common. You currently live, used to live, or are employed in a large group setting where TB is more common such as a homeless shelter, prison, jail, or nursing home. You are a health care worker who cares for patients with TB disease. You live in high-risk residential setting or use injectable drugs. In addition, children, especially those under 5, have a higher risk of developing TB disease once infected. Therefore, testing for TB infection in children sho may have been exposed to a person with TB disease is important. Tuberculosis testing can be done by your health care provider or your local county health department. To find a county health department, visit FloridaHealth.gov/CHD . Or, for local Citrus County residents you may go to the Florida Health Department located in Lecanto. TREATMENT TB germs can live in your body for years without causing symptoms. If you have inactive TB, treating it is the best way to protect yourself from getting sick with active TB disease. If you have been diagnosed with active TB disease, you can be treated with medicine. You will need to take and finish all of your TB medicine as directed by your health care provider. (this article was received from the Florida Department of Health - FloridaHealth.gov ) copied by KK Poulos 12/02/2025

FACTS ABOUT TUBERCULOSIS!

Caused by bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis CAUSES Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but TB bacteria can attack any part of the body such as the kidney, spine, and brain. Not everyone infected with TB becomes sick. Some people develop TB disease soon after becoming infected (within weeks) before their immune system can fight the TB germs. Other people have latent TB infection and may get sick years later,...

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Weight-loss medications have become a popular option for managing obesity. While these drugs can offer substantial benefits, they also come with health risks that need serious consideration. This article provides a detailed look at both the health risks and benefits of weight-loss medications. By the end, readers will have a clearer understanding to make informed decisions. Understanding Weight-Loss Medications Weight-loss medications help individuals lose weight by affecting either appetite or the body’s ability to absorb calories. They fall into two main categories: prescription and over-the-counter options. Prescription medications, like orlistat and phentermine, are typically reserved for individuals with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or higher, or those with a BMI of 27 or greater who also have obesity-related health issues. Over-the-counter options generally provide milder effects and are more accessible to a broader audience. Nevertheless, these medications are not a catch-all solution. Effective long-term weight loss usually requires combining medication with lifestyle changes, such as diet and increased physical activity. For example, individuals using orlistat might lose an average of 5% to 10% more weight in six months when paired with a healthy diet, compared to only making diet changes. The Benefits of Weight-Loss Drugs 1. Enhanced Weight Loss One of the leading advantages of weight-loss medications is their potential to enhance weight loss efforts. Research shows that people using these medications can lose an average of 5% to 15% of their body weight over a year, in contrast to only 2% to 5% for those focusing solely on lifestyle changes. This extra weight loss often leads to notable improvements in health metrics like blood pressure, with one study reporting a reduction in systolic blood pressure of 5-10 mmHg among individuals on weight-loss drugs. 2. Improved Health Outcomes Weight loss can lead to significant health gains, especially for individuals facing obesity-related conditions such as type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, and hypertension. For instance, losing just 5% to 10% of body weight can greatly improve insulin sensitivity and lower blood sugar levels, helping to manage or even reverse type 2 diabetes. Additionally, patients with sleep apnea may find their symptoms diminish as they shed weight. 3. Increased Motivation and Accountability For many, the mere act of taking a medication can boost motivation and create a sense of accountability. The knowledge that a medication is supporting their fight against obesity may encourage individuals to embrace healthier lifestyle changes. This mental shift can lead to not only weight loss but also improved overall well-being. The Risks of Weight-Loss Medications 1. Side Effects Weight-loss medications can cause various side effects. The most common include nausea, diarrhea, constipation, insomnia, and increased heart rate. For example, around 30% of users report gastrointestinal issues when taking orlistat. In rare cases, severe side effects can arise, requiring immediate medical attention. It is vital for individuals to discuss these potential risks with their healthcare provider before starting any medication. 2. Dependency and Long-Term Use There is a risk of dependency on weight-loss medications for some individuals. Solely relying on these drugs without making lasting lifestyle changes can undermine sustainable weight maintenance. For effective long-term outcomes, the focus should be on developing healthier habits rather than depending on medication just to see results. 3. Psychological Effects Some users may experience negative psychological effects related to body image and food. It’s not uncommon for individuals to develop an unhealthy relationship with food, particularly if there is a history of eating disorders. Therefore, anyone thinking about starting weight-loss medications should first consult a healthcare professional to address any emotional concerns. Alternatives to Weight-Loss Medications While medications can help, they are not the only path to successful weight management. Here are some natural alternatives: 1. Dietary Changes Implementing a balanced diet rich in whole foods, fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats can significantly aid in weight loss. For instance, incorporating more nutrient-dense foods can help people feel full longer while consuming fewer calories. 2. Regular Exercise Adding physical activity to daily routines is crucial. Activities like walking for 30 minutes a day can help burn an extra 150 to 300 calories, which contributes to long-term weight management. 3. Behavioral Therapy Behavioral therapy can effectively tackle the barriers to weight loss, such as emotional eating. Partnering with a therapist can help individuals develop healthy eating habits and coping mechanisms. Making an Informed Decision Before considering weight-loss medications, it’s essential to have open conversations with healthcare providers. This dialogue should cover medical history, any existing health issues, and lifestyle habits. Together, patients and healthcare professionals can identify the most suitable weight management options. Weighing the Pros and Cons Weight-loss medications can deliver considerable benefits for those battling obesity. However, they come with associated risks that mustn't be overlooked. Understanding these factors is critical for making informed weight management choices. Individuals should approach weight loss as a multifaceted endeavor that includes lifestyle choices, healthy eating, and regular exercise. This well-rounded approach is more likely to lead to lasting success. Diverse selection of weight-loss medication options for managing obesity With thoughtful consideration and proper guidance, individuals facing the challenge of obesity can find tailored solutions. Committing to a holistic approach can lead to sustainable lifestyle changes that go beyond mere numbers on a scale.

Navigating the Scale: Unveiling the Health Risks and Benefits of Weight-Loss Medications

Weight-loss medications have become a popular option for managing obesity. While these drugs can offer substantial benefits, they also...

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Anxiety affects many individuals, but for some, it surfaces most intensely at night. As daylight fades, a sense of quiet can amplify worries and fears. Recognizing why anxiety worsens when night falls is crucial for effective mental health management. In this post, we will examine the root causes of nighttime anxiety, identify psychological and physiological triggers, and offer practical strategies for coping with this challenging issue. The Nighttime Environment The shift from day to night wraps us in darkness, which can alter our mental state. Throughout the day, various distractions—work, social interactions, and the bustle of life—act as a buffer against anxious thoughts. However, once night arrives, this backdrop fades away, leaving room for our worries to grow. The stillness of night invites reflection but can also trigger deep ruminative thoughts. A 2018 study found that 60% of participants reported increased anxiety at night due to the quiet environment. Without the usual daytime stimuli, regrets, fears, and unresolved issues may feel more significant and looming. This contrast between a busy day and a quiet night can be disorienting, disrupting our attempts to relax. The Role of Circadian Rhythms Our bodies operate on circadian rhythms, which control sleep-wake cycles and impact our emotional state. Disrupted sleep patterns or insufficient rest can drastically affect anxiety levels. Studies have shown that 70% of those with anxiety issues report sleep disturbances . As night falls, melatonin production increases, signaling that it is time to unwind. However, people with anxiety may find this process counterproductive. Thoughts may race, and heightened senses can make it hard to relax. Adrenaline can also surge, making it a challenge to transition from a state of alertness to rest. This internal struggle can leave many feeling anxious and unsettled at bedtime. Cognitive Patterns and Ruminative Thinking Anxiety tends to thrive in solitude. When distractions diminish, individuals facing anxiety can become trapped in a cycle of ruminative thinking. This cognitive pattern involves repeatedly focusing on negative thoughts, often fixating on issues that may not have been significant during the day. Research indicates that 80% of people with anxiety struggle with ruminative thinking at night . During the day, interruptions can disrupt this cycle, but nighttime offers fewer diversions. This lack of activity allows thoughts to spiral, resulting in heightened anxiety. To break this cycle, incorporating strategies such as journaling before bedtime or practicing mindfulness can help shift thinking from negative rumination to more constructive reflection. Biological Factors and Hormonal Changes There are essential biological elements that contribute to increased anxiety after dark. Hormonal changes and the body's internal clock can lead to anxiety spikes, particularly in the evening. Increased cortisol levels, a stress hormone, often coincide with nighttime awakenings. Research shows that about 50% of individuals with anxiety experience elevated cortisol that compounds feelings of distress when trying to sleep. This cascade can exacerbate feelings of confusion or trepidation, making it hard to unwind and refresh. Understanding the connection between hormones and anxiety can empower individuals to effectively manage their mental health and seek targeted solutions. Changes in Lifestyle and Routine Several lifestyle habits can worsen nighttime anxiety. For example, consuming stimulants like caffeine, maintaining irregular sleep schedules, and using alcohol can intensify anxiety symptoms. Also, exposure to screens can disrupt the body’s natural rhythms. The blue light emitted by devices interferes with melatonin production, creating a cycle of alertness that counteracts the body's need for sleep. To combat these effects, establishing a calming nighttime routine is beneficial. This could include dimming lights two hours before bedtime, engaging in relaxing activities like reading, or creating a serene sleeping environment. Coping Strategies for Nighttime Anxiety Understanding why anxiety peaks at night is just one part of the solution. Practical coping strategies are equally critical: Mindfulness and Meditation : Engaging in mindfulness practices or meditation significantly reduces anxiety. Concentrate on your breathing or use guided meditation apps to relax before sleep. Journaling : Writing down your thoughts or worries before bedtime helps to clear your mind. This practice can create mental space for a more restful night. Breathing Techniques : Slow, deep breathing can effectively reduce anxiety. Try inhaling deeply for a count of four, holding for four, then exhaling for another four seconds. Create a Sleep-Inducing Environment : Optimize your bedroom for sleep with blackout curtains, quiet white noise, and calming scents like lavender to promote a soothing atmosphere. Seeking Professional Help For individuals experiencing severe nighttime anxiety, seeking professional assistance is vital. Therapeutic approaches, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), can effectively restructure harmful thought patterns. Discussing medication options with a healthcare professional can also provide vital support for managing anxiety levels. Ultimately, mental health treatment should be tailored to individual needs, with a focus on addressing nighttime concerns. Finding Peace in the Night Anxiety can often feel like a looming shadow when night descends, presenting a challenge that many must navigate in silence. By recognizing the underlying factors contributing to heightened anxiety—including changes in environment, biological rhythms, cognitive loops, and lifestyle choices—individuals can empower themselves to manage their mental health more effectively. Incorporating mindfulness practices, fostering supportive nightly routines, and seeking professional help when needed are crucial steps toward alleviating nighttime anxiety. Remember, you are not alone in this quiet battle. There are tangible paths towards enhancing your peace and well-being. ANXIETY CAN CAUSE SLEEPLESSNESS

The Unseen Struggles: Understanding Why Anxiety Intensifies Under the Cover of Night

Anxiety affects many individuals, but for some, it surfaces most intensely at night. As daylight fades, a sense of quiet can amplify...

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Have you ever been outdoors, enjoying the warm weather, only to have your bliss interrupted by the annoying buzzing of mosquitoes around you? Mosquito season can be a nuisance for many, but fear not, because in this editorial, we will equip you with the knowledge and tools to combat these pesky insects effectively. From bite prevention to treatment and stopping breeding, let's dive into everything you need to know to have a bug-free summer! Prevention Is Key: Keeping Mosquitoes at Bay To avoid those itchy mosquito bites, prevention is crucial. Here are some tips to help you steer clear of these blood-sucking pests: Cover Up : Wear long sleeves and pants to reduce exposed skin. Mosquito Repellent : Use insect repellents containing DEET for effective protection. Avoid Damp Areas : Mosquitoes breed in water, so steer clear of stagnant water sources. Screen Your Space : Keep windows and doors screened to prevent mosquitoes from entering your home. By taking these simple precautions, you can significantly reduce your chances of becoming a mosquito's next meal! Treating Mosquito Bites: Soothe the Itch Despite our best efforts, mosquito bites can sometimes be inevitable. Here's how you can alleviate the itch and discomfort: Wash the Area : Clean the bitten area with soap and water to prevent infection. Cold Compress : Applying a cold compress can help reduce swelling and itching. Anti-Itch Creams : Hydrocortisone cream or calamine lotion can provide relief. Avoid Scratching : Although tempting, scratching can lead to further irritation and infection. Remember, most mosquito bites will subside on their own within a few days, but these remedies can offer some relief in the meantime. Say Goodbye to Mosquito Breeding Grounds Stopping mosquitoes from breeding is key to minimizing their population in your area. Here's how you can prevent mosquito breeding grounds: Eliminate Standing Water : Remove any containers or areas holding stagnant water where mosquitoes lay their eggs. Regular Maintenance : Keep gutters clean, and change water in bird baths and pet bowls frequently. Mosquito Dunks : Use mosquito dunks in ponds or other standing water to kill larvae. Natural Predators : Introduce natural predators like fish or dragonflies to feed on mosquito larvae. By taking steps to eliminate breeding sites, you can significantly reduce the mosquito population in your surroundings, providing you with a more peaceful environment. "Make the most of your summer without mosquitoes." There you have it – your comprehensive guide to combating mosquitoes this season! Remember, prevention is key, but if you do get bitten, quick treatment can help alleviate discomfort. Additionally, by stopping mosquitoes from breeding, you are actively contributing to a mosquito-free environment for yourself and your community. So, let's gear up, follow these tips with enthusiasm, and embrace the great outdoors without the buzz of mosquitoes dampening our spirits. Together, we can keep these disease-carrying insects at bay and enjoy a summer filled with fun and relaxation. Let's make this summer a truly buzzing-free experience! With the right preventative measures, treatment options, and by eliminating breeding grounds, you can enjoy a mosquito-free summer and protect yourself from potential diseases carried by these pesky insects. Stay safe, stay prepared, and let's make the most out of this beautiful season!

Embrace Mosquito Season: Your Ultimate Guide to Prevention, Treatment, and Eradication

Have you ever been outdoors, enjoying the warm weather, only to have your bliss interrupted by the annoying buzzing of mosquitoes around...

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The warm weather has arrived which means lots of outdoor activities. There is the beach, yard work, gardening, baseball. . . everything is outdoors. This means that there is lots of fluid loss due to sweating and not drinking enough water/fluids to replace what we are losing. This tends to result in dehydration. Let's talk about what causes dehydration first of all: * Exercising and sweating * Vomiting and diarrhea * Fever * Increased urination * Drinking alcohol SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF DEHYDRATION: * Bad Breath * Headache * Fatigue * Concentrated urine (darker color) * Cramps & muscle spasms * Constipation * Dizziness * Dry tongue and dry mouth HOW TO TREAT DEHYDRATION: * Drink fluids slowly Water Gatorade Electrolyte drinks * Eat foods high in water (fruits, vegetables)

DEHYDRATION - CAUSES, SYMPTOMS, REHYDRATION

The warm weather has arrived which means lots of outdoor activities. There is the beach, yard work, gardening, baseball. . . everything...

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WHAT IS TYPE 2 DIABETES? Did you know that the sugar you eat gets turned into fuel for your body? Diabetes is an impairment in this process and is a long-term chronic condition. If not treated and taken care of, it will eventually result in disorders of the circulatory system, nervous system, and immune system. It can mess up your entire body! Type 2 diabetes is more common in older adults, but with the increase in obesity in the young, the numbers increase. Unfortunately, there is no cure for diabetes, but losing weight, exercising, and eating healthy will help you manage it. If that doesn’t work or isn’t enough to keep it controlled, there are medications that you can take which will help. You need to see your doctor and determine if you need medication or not. SYMPTOMS Type 2 diabetes has signs and symptoms that often develop slowly. You can be living with it for years before the signs and symptoms become apparent. Increased thirst Increased hunger Unintended weight loss Frequent urination Fatigue Blurry vision Frequent infections Slow-healing sore Numbness or tingling in the hands or feet WHEN TO SEE A DOCTOR Should you experience any of the above signs and symptoms, you should see your physician. COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES Potential complications of diabetes are as follows: Nerve damage in the limbs (called neuropathy) Heart and blood vessel disease Kidney disease Damage to the eyes Slow healing Sleep apnea Dementia PREVENTING DIABETES Is there any way to prevent diabetes? Healthy eating and exercising will help you prevent diabetes. Should you receive a diagnosis of prediabetes, then lifestyle changes would help to prevent the progression to diabetes. Getting more active – try for 30 minutes a day of increased activity or exercise Losing weight as recommended by your doctor Avoid inactivity for long periods – if you sit at a desk or in front of a television for long periods, get up and move around every 30 minutes Eating healthy – foods lower in fat and calories helps and eat more fiber – focus on fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

Staying Healthy

WHAT IS TYPE 2 DIABETES? Did you know that the sugar you eat gets turned into fuel for your body? Diabetes is an impairment in this...

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The Great Hidden Sugars Hidden sugars? What in the world does that mean? Well, it’s a term used for sugars that tend to be included in most processed foods. Fructose and corn syrup are the most common ones, but there are so many more! Harvard Health has a great article on this topic too. Is sugar horrible for you? Yes, it is, but natural sugars aren’t quite as bad. It’s all about how the sugar breaks down in your body. If consumed in the wrong way, the natural sugars can be harmful to you as well. Sugar Addiction Sugar is extremely addictive. Studies have proven that sugar is worse than illegal drugs, including heroin and crack cocaine! How can this be, you ask? When we eat sugars, it releases dopamine. What is dopamine? It’s the feel-good hormone that makes us feel happy and relaxed. That makes us want more and more! Antioxidants are in abundance in berries as well as other nutrients. The fiber releases the sugars into the body quite slowly, making sure that your blood sugar levels stay low. Turn those berries into juice, and what happen? You lose the fiber, and then the sugar is released directly into the body and results in quick metabolism. Thus, you have hidden sugar. Sugars are associated with obesity and heart disease, and many other conditions we face today. Fresh Fruit and Natural Sugar What about fresh fruit and natural sugars? When eaten in the right way, they can be beneficial. Leave you fruit whole. Add a little raw honey, and you have even more added health benefits. But keep in mind that the natural sugars, if not moderated, can be harmful to you as well. Now, what are some of the other hidden sugars, you ask? There are so very many, but here are a few of the most common: anything that says sugar or syrup fructose is most common corn syrup agave nectar isn’t healthy or natural malt beers with barley malt beet sugar dextran corn sweeteners spaghetti sauce and ketchup What can you do? So what can you use to sweeten things when you are baking and cooking? Raw honey is an excellent natural alternative, but use it in moderation. The honey bought in stores tends to be full of added sugar. Fruits and vegetables whole is the best way to go to get a sweet taste. You have the fiber and the natural sugar together, which is a winning combination. So let’s all get healthier and try and avoid the harmful sugars and cook and eat smarter.

The Great Hidden Sugars

The Great Hidden Sugars Hidden sugars? What in the world does that mean? Well, it’s a term used for sugars that tend to be included in...

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